International Headlines and Stories

The tax is sure to be one of the main themes of the campaign. First question of democracy: the French have always been upset with the tax. This is not new. But now they no longer understand the meaning. Taxpayers do not know why they are not taxed when the money from. They wonder if they are "just" dizzy and taxed at the constant changes in the foot of the state, making our tax system totally unpredictable, unreadable, and therefore ineffective.How many French know they will pay for the first time this year a portion of their housing tax for inter-municipal, that is to say, of municipalities, they know nothing? How many business owners know exactly how much they will pay in lieu of business tax, abolished last year in favor of two new taxes? Reconcile with the citizen taxpayer is more than ever an imperative, when the both of them were again tempted to exile.

Question of economic efficiency then. One can only be struck by the complete lack of fiscal strategy of the Finance Bill 2012, currently under discussion in Parliament. In the eyes of officials of Bercy, the only way to increase tax revenues is to remove the niches or benefits made in the tax calculation.More than half of the 11 billion euros in additional savings are announced in late August and the removal of some old tax benefits. Now that the idea has been fueled largely with public opinion than the 104 billion euros in lost revenue for state coffers that are the fiscal and social niches, half are "very effective" or "inefficient", this solution is actually the easiest to implement. But it can serve as long-term program. As niches, whose real term is "tax expenditure", are as fundamental to encourage private investors to replace the public investor.No niches, no investment in France, which already sorely lacking.

Reform the income tax

The tax reform in 2012 will revolve around three major issues: how to bring balance between taxation of wealth and income? How to get to his income tax progressivity? What future for VAT?

To these questions, the UMP and the PS will provide different answers, of course bad credit payday advance. But the rules are the same for all. France can no longer raise taxes. The tax ratio-mandatory, ie the tax burden, amounted to 44.5% of GDP, close to its historical levels (44.9% in 1999). But conversely, the disastrous situation of public finances prevents them down.The "big bang" will be announced fiscal totally bounded in the universe: it will be a rebalancing in depth, but revenue constant.

Some lines of force emerge. The income tax in its present form, is on trial. Two transformations are emerging: reconsider its progressivity, that is to say goodbye slices. Or merge it with the CSG, an idea that has the favor of PS and a large part of the UMP. This merger should not be mistaken, broaden the tax base, will make the income tax fairer, but will also be more painful for the average incomes.

Similarly, it will not escape a VAT reform. Since 2008, 15 European countries have found, for fiscal consolidation, so much so that the rate of 19.6% French is now among the lowest in the euro area, 1 point lower than the average.Especially down at the other, the government chose to lower it for some sectors (food, building …).

Finally, there is the balance between taxation of income and wealth. The most sensitive issue. Recently, in Le Figaro, the budget minister Valérie Pécresse explained: "By raising taxes on savings, we compare the taxation of wealth from that of labor income." The road has only begun. One can imagine what awaits holders of wealth in the coming years …

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In purchasing real estate, the French would have become more opportunistic. This is reflected in a survey of the Land Bank published this Saturday in Le Parisien-Aujourd'hui en France, on Saturday. The study found that nearly two-thirds of the French advance will realize a capital gain tax at the time to buy an apartment. Thirty years ago, they were a little less than half. "In 2010, 22% of buyers formulate their intention to sell as soon as possible, against 4.2% in 1980," said the newspaper Deletré Bruno, general manager of Crédit Foncier. The desire to stop paying rent and security always have a home are the main motivations for first-time buyers that are what the generations (over 90% of respondents).The survey was conducted among four generations of first-time buyers (1620 people in total) signed a loan with Land Bank.

"Buyers more opportunistic and strategic"

To the general manager of Crédit Foncier, today's generation is more "strategic" than their elders who could probably more easily buy a long-term bad credit pay day loans. "We are faced with more opportunistic buyers, which are placed on a financial and strategic option," he said. Today's buyers who have experienced a doubling of prices in ten years are more responsive to market conditions according to this survey (75% against 66% for buyers of the 2000s) but not more concerned than previous generations to build a retirement investment (on average, between 71% and 72% by generation).

In this context of rising prices, buyers today feel more proud to own (67% against 54% for generation 2000). Generation in 2000, helped by a favorable economic environment, expressed "most satisfied", the buyers of the 1990s say they are "reasonable" and those of the 1980s put forward the "sacrifices" made to repay the loan.

A branch of the Chinese sovereign fund China Investment Corporation began purchasing shares of four major Chinese banks in trouble in the markets. The subsidiary in question, the fund Huijin rich 400 billion dollars and already the largest shareholder of the four largest banks in the country, did not specify the amounts invested in the operation, but the news was enough to reassure some investors. This morning, the values ​​of the banking sector take off in Hong Kong Stock Exchange: Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) jumped 8.9%, China Construction Bank ahead by 9.1% Agricultural Bank of China wins 12 % and Bank of China allows itself 9.8%, against an increase of 3.3% for the benchmark index of the Hong Kong, the Hang Seng.

The titles of Chinese banks have continued to decline on the stock exchanges in Shanghai and Hong Kong in recent months, reaching their lowest level in two years recently cheapest personal loan rates.These dismal performances reflect investor concerns on the issues of debt incurred by local governments in China, revealed by an unpublished government report last June. Provinces and municipalities have accumulated at least 1.16 trillion euros of debt in late 2010, with 80% financed by Chinese banks. Nearly 25% of these loans expire at the end of the year.

The explosion of informal loans, in an environment of tight credit, also weighed on banks, who have seen private individuals and companies take almost 50 billion euros over the first two weeks of September, a large part is then paid out of any legal framework.

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Controllers return to work gradually. After La Rochelle and Paris Sud Est (Gare de Lyon), several sites have voted Friday morning to return to work, like Bordeaux, Reims, Chambery, Dijon, Lyon, St Etienne, Toulouse or Besancon. Other websites should take a similar decision at general meetings planned in the afternoon. The management of the SNCF

Many controllers SNCF had exercised their right to withdraw on Thursday afternoon to work after the announcement of the attack on a colleague on a train on the Corail Lyon-Strasbourg. In an interview with Figaro.fr, the president of the SNCF appealed to the coolness of the railway to resume work soon and would discuss with the unions to turn.Management has undertaken to present an emergency plan with the security services.

Traffic TGV, Corail and TER is still disrupted, although the situation has improved significantly over the entire network, including 8-9 in 10 TGV from and to Paris and a TER of 2. To find out if their train is running, users are encouraged to consult regularly Infolignes site, or call toll free (free from a landline) 0805 90 36 35.

Toll and information site

SNCF always invites customers to delay their trip or take alternate means of transportation. Ticket holders whose train was canceled may obtain a refund, or take any train leaving for the same destination without the need to exchange their ticket. Good news however for users Transilien (train network in the Île-de-France), the Thalys and Eurostar.Traffic on these lines is normal according to SNCF.

"There is no point in penalizing travelers"

The strike controller led Thursday the cancellation of all trains at night, and created a big mess all over the country. According to the station, all passengers stranded at the station in the evening were able to reach their destination or were assisted to find accommodation for the night. According to the Ministry of the Interior, it was not necessary to set up emergency housing plan.
Board trains at the Gare Saint-Charles in Marseille. Photo credits: GERARD JULIEN / AFP

The CAC 40 continues its slow descent into hell. The stock market, which recorded a third consecutive session ended with a downward decrease of 1.13% to 2965.64 points, its lowest close of the year. It should even go back in spring 2009 to find such levels.

Moreover, stock markets are all in red with the exception of London (1.06%) and Zurich (4.02%). But the DAX in Frankfurt still loose 1.04% and 2.06% Milan.

Greece again centralizes all fears since the country's authorities and inspectors of the European Union, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank, have suspended talks to ten days. The two parties disagree on the reasons and extent of delays by Athens in reducing its budget deficit. This situation endangers the second rescue plan concocted by the European Union.Some analysts believe even now that the plan was stillborn. "Greece has already slipped over new deficit targets," said Bruno Cavalier, as well, an economist at Oddo Securities.

Nervousness is also high, whereas the German Constitutional Court will make its decision Wednesday on the highly anticipated aid granted by Greece to Berlin and the establishment of a European emergency fund. Germany is the main creditor of Greece in the eurozone.

"It's a stampede"

Also in the issue of debt in the euro zone, Italy is suffering from a new crisis of confidence while accumulating doubts on its ability to curb its deficit despite the adoption of an austerity plan this summer.Finally, union sources said yesterday that the Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero had recognized mid-August, the markets in crisis, that Spain was close to a "rescue" needed.

"It's the stampede, the free fall. Trust is the innermost and nobody does anything to reassure, "commented Xavier Villepion, sales of shares in Global Equities. "Investors have no reason now to invest in the equity markets," he says. "We are in a dynamic market similar to that of the fall of 2008, when prevailing psychosis triggered by the subprime crisis," said Patrick Jacq, bond strategist at BNP Paribas."Everybody goes in the same direction and fled to the German long-term bonds," he said.

"No recession in the U.S."

These problems of sovereign debt in addition to fears of a global recession while the health of U.S. economic worries. In this regard, World Bank President Robert Zoellick said on Tuesday that the United States was not threatened by a return to recession. "I do not think the United States and the world will fall into recession," he said direct payday lenders.

Societe Generale and Credit Agricole to the lowest since 2009

Bank stocks were again the most attacked: BNP Paribas lost 5.24% to 29.66 euros, Crédit Agricole, 4.72% to 5.56 euros and Societe Generale, 6.54% to 18.92 euros.

Audika: + 1.56% to 16.30 euros

The group released a net profit up 17.2% to 4.8 million in the first half, Audika has benefited from financial instruments, whose contribution represents about 400,000 euros.

Medica: 2.54% to 12.50 euros

Medica said it had seven times its first-half profits to 20.7 million euros and raised its annual growth target of the activity of 15% to 17%.

NYSE Euronext: -1.68% to 17.80 euros

The group announced a return to continuous trading, as of Thursday, September 8, a series of indicators of the Paris Bourse, the SBF 120, which was suspended on August 8 for technical reasons.

Casino: -1.66% to 54.36 euros

The retailer Almacenes Exito Colombia, 54.8% owned by the French group, has launched a capital increase of $ 1.4 billion (one billion) unveiled in late June.

Paris airport: -0.38% to 55.29 euros

A consortium that includes ADP is one of the groups pre-qualified to take over the airports of Madrid and Barcelona, ​​said Monday the Spanish airport authority AENA.

Lagardère: 0.03% to 19.30 euros

Arnaud Lagardere said the media group is considering a share buyback or payment of a dividend with the proceeds of the sale of the international magazine division.In an interview published Tuesday by the newspaper Les Echos, he also said that the withdrawal of the group of EADS will not happen until the release of the Airbus A350, the future long-haul European aircraft manufacturers.

Air France-KLM: + 0.79% to 6.14 euros

The group wants to save 700 to 800 million euros in additional savings and will also scale back its flight schedule.

GDF Suez: -2.07% to 19.63 euros

The newspaper Les Echos, there will be no increase in gas rates for individuals on 1 October, the Regulatory Commission (CRE) does not provide a complete analysis of the tariff before the end of September.

Séché: -9.65% to 42.45 euros

The company said it was reviewing its goal of decreasing operating income (ROC) for 2011, it now expected around the level reached in 2010 after falling 2.7% in the first half.

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At the MEDEF Summer University, you see large companies, medium-sized enterprises, small businesses as well as "mini-enterprises". Thus the association "Undertake to learn" (EPA), describes a group of young volunteers gathered around an entrepreneurial project, supervised by a teacher and a professional counselor. " In fact, the mini-company operates as a limited company and is developing a product or service for marketing. "Once a week, the mini-entrepreneurs coming together to build their project.Together they perform a market study, is social capital by soliciting shareholders elect a board and planning a business strategy. "

MEDEF decided this year to honor the mini-Hortensys company, founded by twelve high school students currently in third class DP3 (with an optional "discovery work" of three hours per week) in college Albert Camus Jarville ( Meurthe-et-Moselle). Their project: the design, manufacture and marketing of a "slug catcher" ecological and aesthetic. The idea from a simple observation: the products used to combat pests in gardens are often polluting and very expensive. They created a "slug catcher" both economic and environmentally friendly.Hortensys-name is entirely appropriate to their business, since Hortensys is the Latin name of the slug-was presented at the show Codice national price, which rewards the best mini-company financial management and commercial . They also support a strong network of distribution including department stores and Auchan Intermarché of Greater Nancy.

"The mini-company can introduce young – 14 to 20 years – in economic life and particularly in business creation," said a representative of the EPA Lorraine. This is a great opportunity for students to learn to be autonomous and to project into the future. Hortensys end of the 2008/2009 promotion will continue to operate as an association to the majority of its young creators.Small budding entrepreneurs are more motivated than ever, they have diversified their business with an ingenious system for three-time scare-moles without harming them-lawns. A project they will carry when they found the money.

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LE FIGARO .- Facing Pratt & Whitney is said very offensive commercially, CFM International, joint venture between Safran and GE, she due make concessions for boarding the B 737 NE?

John Paul Herteman. Of course, there was a negotiation. But ultimately, we do not change a winning team. Our relationship Boeing and customers is more than thirties. In 1983, we completed the first repowering of B 737 with CFM-56 engine for the company SouthWest. We were single engine. Our reactor brought gain Fuel Consumption 20% very strong improved reliability, factor 10 in terms rate breakdowns factor 2-3 on lifespan engine. It was a technological leap and quality.

In 1996, we completed the second repowering of B 737 with a more advanced version of the CFM-56, still single source.In total, we produced 15,000 engines to equip the B 737, the aircraft most commercialized in the world. Not surprisingly, Boeing wanted to play the card of the continuity of this success with our LEAP which also provides technological leap and quality.

What was cost Development this new engine?

He will represent the order of 1 billion euros for Safran and GE both for our partner for all three applications C919, A320 and B737 NEO NE.

Posed market B 737 BN for Safran?

Can be considered a potential 20,000 engines Leap for 3 applications over a period of 10 to 15 years.With after-sales, this represents a turnover approaching $ 100 billion over 30 years at CFM International, 50% for Safran payday loans.

This success puts the Leap into a market position as strong as the one we have today with the CFM-56 on medium haul, with nearly 60% of Airbus, Boeing 100%. Added to this is 100% of future Chinese developed by Comac C919. It's not that common to see an industrial renew a best-seller retaining all of its market positions over a period of 30 years.

The B 737 is more "short legs" than the A 320 NEO. Do you need to adapt the Leap specifically for Boeing?

Yes.The product will be suitable for the B 737 is actually smaller than the A 320 at the landing gear, as is the case with the current CFM, 50% of the parts are common, however, between Airbus and Boeing .

When will it certified?

Depending on the engine versions from mid-2015 and early 2016.

The Leap has over 1300 orders and the potential is enormous. Are you able to produce in a timely manner to accommodate your delivery commitments?

We anticipated investing to produce more. We still have tens of millions of euros to commit to follow the rate increases that will soon Airbus A 320 to 40 per month and those of Boeing. We will also need to build a new plant adapted to new technologies of composite blades.

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After a week marked by sharp declines, Asian stock markets leave forward cautiously. Investors remain troubled by the prospect of a new economic recession in the world. As such, they are waiting with some excitement the second estimate of GDP of the United States on Friday and the president's speech to the U.S. central bank, Ben Bernanke. The markets expect the Fed printing money stimulus to boost the economy.

The Nikkei in Tokyo Stock Exchange is 0.58% at 8677.94 points, the Hang Seng in Hong Kong gained 0.56% to 19,596.30 points and the Shanghai CSI 300 rose 0.69% to 2796.99 points.

On the other Asian financial centers, the increase is much greater: the Taiwan TAIEX climbed 2.24% to 7476.41 points, the Kospi index in Seoul wins up 3.22% to 1765.76 points, S & P / ASX 200 gained 1.63% to 4148.80 points.Only the Bombay Stock Exchange fell slightly from 0.31% to 16,291 points.

Oil prices were careful Tuesday morning during electronic trading in Asia, in a market sensitive to developments in Libya, oil-producing country, where the rebels claim victory, while supporters of the regime say they are still in control. In morning trading, a barrel of Brent North Sea crude for October delivery fell by 2 cents to 108.34 dollars, after losing 18 cents in early trade. A barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in October gained 27 cents 84.69 dollars.

Gold crossed for the first time in its history on Tuesday morning a new record of more than 1,900 dollars per ounce during trading in Hong Kong. The ounce of gold was worth 1914.50 / 1915.50 dollars, after opening at 1.898/1.899 dollars.The yellow metal continues to grow for several days, attracting investors worried about the health of the global economy, the debt crisis in the euro area and geopolitical uncertainties in the Arab world.

The attendant of the Magi does not believe in miracles. In this village of the Cevennes Gard, Jacky controller takes the last independent station. "When I moved in 1984, there were eight stations on the road, remember Jacky, a bit fatalistic. I will be retired in a year, and no one will resume the activity. "

The disappearance of the gas station of the Magi was certainly inevitable. In 1985, there were 29,750 service stations, according to the French Union of Petroleum Industries (Ufip). Since the network has disintegrated. They were more last year than 7149, only 1538 independent. Regression for the benefit of a large area stations: 2250 26 years ago, they are now 4902.

Financial support

But to make matters worse, the service station owners are now faced with a challenge.Finance the upgrading of their facilities necessitated by the transposition of European directives into French law, whose applications are expected for a period from 2013 to 2020.

These regulations impose progressively strengthen the provisions for recovering gasoline vapors during the refueling of vehicles to fight against air pollution, compliance with new distances "between the devices and distribution from a public establishment or of a building inhabited "rearrangements of tracks, but also the installation of double-walled tanks.

"There's € 20 000," says Jacky Regula. The attendant of the Magi is all the more bitter than the prices differ by only a penny from the Intermarché neighbor. "I'm fighting with my cash and pay my suppliers in five days to get the best price.But to be profitable, it takes at least a margin of seven cents per liter, "says he.

"These obligations can result in decisions to stop activity by owner-operators with two main reasons: the high level of investment and the inability to meet the new standards such as safety distances," warns the Ufip.

Brigitte Bros., owner of the resort village of Lozère Malbouzon (160 inhabitants), near the A75 motorway, is categorical: "The standards being too expensive. It will not work. "Just for the two pumps, estimate amount to € 60 000. "It is amortized over a hundred years, she joked. The station is to be helpful. There are not many in the corner. It is open seven days a weekIt's a real public service. "

Brigitte Bros. has yet stepped up efforts to keep his business, where a liter of diesel is € 1.55, or about 16 cents more than in a supermarket. Managed for nine years by Evelyne Perret is the only gas pump to 10 miles around, and one of the five supply points independent of the department.With about 6000 liters of fuel sold each month, the station scrapes, supported by the activity of the restaurant, coffee Perret, with its workers to 12 € menu.

At the number of closures announced, the Professional Committee of the fuel distribution has developed budgets that can partially support the small owner.

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The Greek government will appeal to the people. Prime Minister George Papandreou said in Parliament on Sunday "in the fall, we will go to a referendum on the main reforms in this country." The Socialist attempts to obtain the agreement of members on the composition of his new government and its austerity plan over five years of 28 billion euros needed for a new international aid.

These reforms are challenged in the street and into the ranks of the narrow government majority (155 seats out of 300). This is to appease the critics that Papandreou had to reshuffle his team Friday, so it presents to Parliament on Sunday. "I applied for a renewal of confidence in the government because the country is at a crucial point," he said.We need to find "a national agreement to deal with deficits and debt are a Greek national problem," he added. The vote of confidence will take place Tuesday night.

The Prime Minister is attempting to rally right-wing opposition to his austerity plan. The latter, who had hidden some of the deficits of the country before the crisis in 2009, refuses to give carte blanche. Its leader, Antonis Samaras, reiterated that his party "did not give a vote of confidence in the government as socialist Papandreou insists on a policy that does not solve problems but makes them worse."

Division concerned

European leaders are concerned about this division. Merkel supported George Papandreou Friday: "He is fighting for Greece meets its commitments, we support it.(…) It is hoped that the opposition supports the Greek government. "

Finance ministers of the euro zone meet in Eurogroup on Sunday night and Monday special meeting. They must agree on the payment of the new tranche of aid provided under the 110 billion euros of loans in spring 2010 in Greece. A budget that would allow the country to spend the summer. In addition, Europeans must also agree on a new aid plan, the sum is not yet defined. The negotiations come up against particularly on the modalities of participation of banks in the effort.

Do not expect an agreement by Monday morning, however, said the rpésident of the Eurogroup, the Luxembourg Jean-Claude Juncker. The European Commission had yet spoken this week of an agreement expected by Sunday evening.French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel had said Friday on their side need to "act quickly" on the Greek case. "We'll talk tonight about the involvement of private creditors, the question is how far it can and must go," said Jean-Claude Juncker.

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