The Citroen DS 5 of the newly elected president has not only brought joy to Peugeot-Citroen on Tuesday. The leaders of Bosch, which manufactures the electric motor and power electronics for PSA's hybrid vehicle, took pride in the choice of Francois Hollande. "Our site of Saint-Ouen is our global competence center in the area of ​​hybrid vehicles," welcomed Maugis Guy, president of Bosch France.

The group is an industrial giant of the Rhine, which weighs 51.5 billion euros in turnover in 2011 and employs 300,000 employees. In the Hexagon, has 25 sites and employs 8,200 people. Last year, the French subsidiary has made EUR 3 billion in revenue, of which 1.3 billion were exported. The French activity was slightly higher (+3%), despite the difficulties of the automobile industry. "We are logically affected by the fall in the number of vehicles produced in France in recent years," says Guy Maugis.

Attractiveness of the site "France"

This growth at the global level as in the French branch, comes from new products marketed by the group. And development is made possible by the emphasis on research investments (4.6 billion globally) as in the industrial (3 billion euros). "In France, the group has invested over 350 million euros for the past five years to upgrade its industrial base," adds the French official.

These investments were made away from the controversy that surrounded the site of Venissieux, in the Rhone, in 2004. Bosch had then seen 35 to 36 hours working time in return for an investment of 20 million euros at the time for the manufacture of diesel injection pumps. "This agreement finally allowed to employ 500 people in our factory for seven years," Guy is justified Maugis.

Posing as the "Ambassador of France to the parent," the leader welcomes investment in recent years. Because the site "France" is in competition with all other countries where Bosch is represented. For Guy Maugis, if France is suffering comparisons in terms of labor costs, it benefits from the quality of its infrastructure, training and inventiveness. However, he regretted "the unpredictability of tax regulations and social situation" and the low visibility of social dialogue, sometimes "surprising and even confusing."

Social dialogue that can sometimes be successful. The site of Venissieux, again, was again converted. Today, part of the factory is specialized in the assembly of photovoltaic panels. "The plant is running close to capacity, although the sharp fall in prices in 2011 prevented for the time being profitable, explains Guy Maugis. However, we are confident of having the wherewithal to impose on us in this area. "

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Five months after the launch of Autolib ', the system self-service vehicles do not meet again a great success, far from it. Although the number of subscribers grew, but it remains inadequate. It rises this month to 15,000 people, 00 of which only 5 signed an annual subscription, others have chosen packages in the week or day. The cars were used 118,000 times since December.

The businessman Vincent Bollore, whose group provides vehicles and charging stations, expects 30,000 annual subscribers at the end of the year. But to be profitable, Autolib 'must have 80,000 users on the car twice a week for a period of just under an hour. The group has indeed invested 100 million euros starting in the device, plus 100 million annual operating costs (including 900 people have been recruited to the call center and stations).

Financial side, the businessman Breton is optimistic. At the launch of this system of electric cars, self-service in the Paris region, beginning in December 2011, he estimated it would take seven years to break even. "It is possible that this is earlier," he said Wednesday. The infrastructure can be rapidly deployed in 46 communities of Ile-de-France, including Paris, while the number of stations has doubled since the start, reaching 500 stations in May. It must still be multiplied by two (1050), by October. The number of electric cars is made available to him from 250 to 1740 and is expected to climb to 3,000 by the end of the year.

In late April, the Bluecar Bolloré also ranks the leading electric car registrations in France (982 copies), before Nissan and Mia, a market it is true stammering (1595 cars). Bolloré would however expect a year of operation to take a real first assessment, but also business technology fast payday loan no faxing. Electric batteries, particularly temperature sensitive, "have passed the severe cold, but not yet the hot summer," he says.

For now, this service attracted a rather young audience: half of subscribers between 18 and 35. Unsurprisingly, 70% of users have no car. More difficult to explain: 75% are men.

Little vandalism

Degradation related vehicles, hiccups were encountered the first time, "but we managed to eliminate the defects of youth," he assured Vincent Bolloré. The bumpers have been replaced by such material more resistant. The precedents décrochaient easily as motorists unaccustomed to automatic transmissions, may tend to confuse the brake and accelerator. Mirrors, knobs of power windows and door loading were also changed. Moreover, the cars have yet to paint, which avoids the risk of scratches and lighten the car by 5 kilos (an economy that enhances autonomy). In total, Autolib 'account from 20 to 25 claims per day.

So far, however, "very little" acts of vandalism have been deplored, welcomes Vincent Bolloré, contrary to what was observed for self-service bikes Velib '. The most spectacular incident, three cars were burned in Créteil in the Val de Marne.

To attract new subscribers, Autolib launches a monthly fee of 30 euros plus 6 euros per half hour of use. The annual fee amounts to 144 euros plus 5 euros thirty minutes of driving.

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We knew the fabric of SMEs insufficient in France. Comparisons with the German model, its "large SMEs' innovative and exporting family, were hardly flattering. But the new method adopted by INSEE to classify firms by size is even better in this light French weakness. The definition of the company formalized the end of 2008 no longer regarded as subsidiary companies of its own: it links them to the group they belong. In a study published on Tuesday, INSEE describes the corporate landscape of hexagonal resulting from this change. Conclusion: "The production base is much more concentrated than it seemed."

The breakdown by company size – large companies, medium-sized companies (ETI), SMEs and microenterprises – is turned upside down. In 2009, France had 2.7 million and entities (excluding agriculture and financial sector). Under the old way of counting, only a hundred of them exceeded the threshold of 5,000 employees that large companies. With the new definition and the inclusion of the concept of group, they spend a little over 200.

So, they employ 28% of employees, which is double what was the scope of large enterprises in the previous definition fast payday loan. They carry 33% of the value added (or 17% of GDP, also double the valuation date chosen) and account for half of exports. Similarly, with this new definition, the share of large enterprises in research and development expenses increased from less than 40% to 60%.

SMEs overrated

"Symmetrically, the weight of the other three categories of firms is less important," said INSEE. It is SMEs whose share "decreases the most." For nearly half of these companies with 10 to 249 employees are subsidiaries of a group or a larger enterprise.

Another lesson of the study, the weight of each sector is modified for the benefit of the industry, as the subsidiaries making or supporting business functions, previously classified in the service sector, are reinstated. The industrial workforce is located in "reinflated" by more than 2 points, representing 27.5% of total employees.

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Insurers want to conquer the savings of the middle classes. The French have a significant financial wealth but less than one million euros often feel ill-advised by large banks, where private banking is reserved for the wealthy. It is into this breach that insurers dream of rush.

A year ago, France launched its program Allianz Allianz First to seduce investors to assets exceeding EUR 250,000. If they join Allianz Fisrt, they become preferred customers, recognized in all the networks of the insurer. They enjoy a range of high quality investments, with conditions more favorable pricing, a dedicated website on heritage issues, or telephone support 7 days 7 to answer all their questions and legal other tax anxieties. They are entitled to invitations to shows and conferences, a sign of recognition. And most importantly, advice on measures. "Heritage poles were created throughout France for general agents. They offer the support of consultants responsible for meeting with clients to analyze their needs and recommend solutions to their problems, "explains Jacques Caba, director of Allianz Private Bank.

Within months, 4,700 clients have already joined the program. This year, Allianz expands this device entrepreneurs, creating the First Circle. And is already the market of private banking. "Insurers are traditionally not present in this segment, rather allotted to banks guaranteed payday loans. They have only 5% of this market, and a gap to fill, "added Jacques Caba.

Axa has already taken a step ahead

MMA and MAAF are available, they, of commercials to tout their excellent advisors or skills in wealth management. Axa has already taken a step ahead. In 2008, just before the crisis, the insurer Axa has launched Exclusiv, a program focusing on the heritage council, to retain the investors with 100,000 to 500,000 euros of financial wealth. "Either in France 2.6 million households and 50% of the savings market value," said Nicolas Deschamps, director of market savings tributary of Axa. The group offers advice (with annual meeting with heritage specialists of the insurer) and insiders', as an outstanding communication in times of crisis)

.

"Insurers have realized they would have difficulty competing with banks in the savings market consumer. These files have a formidable business efficiency. However, the savings market more upscale, the sinews of war is the board. And insurance companies that have large sales forces have strengths to win, "added Olivier Potellet, CEO of Legal & General. The initial results are inconclusive. Axa, the average purchase amount on investments increased by 50% for clients Axa Exclusiv.

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The problems of sovereign debt, however, should hang over the markets. The pressure rises in the euro zone since Moody's announced that the triple A French was threatened. Spain and Italy are always attacked in the bond markets. Finally, Germany is in the viewfinder of many observers who believe the country could experience a domino effect on the market.

But Europe is not the only one to raise the nervousness of the operators.

For now, the rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Moody's reported that U.S. credit rating would not be affected by the failure of these discussions. Fitch, however, said it could revise its outlook on maintaining its AAA rating assigned to the United States. It recalls that it had warned in August that "a failure of the super committee to reach an agreement would likely have a negative result on the rating" of the country.

This news has already had the effect of falling Wall Street yesterday and the stock markets in Asia this morning, confirming the prediction of Japanese Finance Minister, Jun Azumi, said this morning that fearing "a big disappointment in the markets."

Oil rises

Under the spotlight, the United States must deliver on Tuesday the second reading of GDP in the third quarter.

Question of economic efficiency then. One can only be struck by the complete lack of fiscal strategy of the Finance Bill 2012, currently under discussion in Parliament. In the eyes of officials of Bercy, the only way to increase tax revenues is to remove the niches or benefits made in the tax calculation.More than half of the 11 billion euros in additional savings are announced in late August and the removal of some old tax benefits. Now that the idea has been fueled largely with public opinion than the 104 billion euros in lost revenue for state coffers that are the fiscal and social niches, half are "very effective" or "inefficient", this solution is actually the easiest to implement. But it can serve as long-term program. As niches, whose real term is "tax expenditure", are as fundamental to encourage private investors to replace the public investor.No niches, no investment in France, which already sorely lacking.

Reform the income tax

The tax reform in 2012 will revolve around three major issues: how to bring balance between taxation of wealth and income? How to get to his income tax progressivity? What future for VAT?

To these questions, the UMP and the PS will provide different answers, of course bad credit payday advance. But the rules are the same for all. France can no longer raise taxes. The tax ratio-mandatory, ie the tax burden, amounted to 44.5% of GDP, close to its historical levels (44.9% in 1999). But conversely, the disastrous situation of public finances prevents them down.The "big bang" will be announced fiscal totally bounded in the universe: it will be a rebalancing in depth, but revenue constant.

Some lines of force emerge. The income tax in its present form, is on trial. Two transformations are emerging: reconsider its progressivity, that is to say goodbye slices. Or merge it with the CSG, an idea that has the favor of PS and a large part of the UMP. This merger should not be mistaken, broaden the tax base, will make the income tax fairer, but will also be more painful for the average incomes.

Similarly, it will not escape a VAT reform. Since 2008, 15 European countries have found, for fiscal consolidation, so much so that the rate of 19.6% French is now among the lowest in the euro area, 1 point lower than the average.Especially down at the other, the government chose to lower it for some sectors (food, building …).

Finally, there is the balance between taxation of income and wealth. The most sensitive issue. Recently, in Le Figaro, the budget minister Valérie Pécresse explained: "By raising taxes on savings, we compare the taxation of wealth from that of labor income." The road has only begun. One can imagine what awaits holders of wealth in the coming years …

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Public expectations for the beautiful game

Bingo. More than blueberries (or hopes), the girls create the surprise sport in 2009 and 2010 during the qualifying matches in the Women's World Cup 2011. Helping performance, each game attracts between 300,000 and 400,000 viewers on TNT channel, reaching over 700,000 fans August 25, 2009, for the first prime-time (France / Serbia).

Rebelote in 2011. Building on this success for the Hearing, Direct 8 means in effect in 2010 with Eurosport, a subsidiary of TF1, the rights of the Women's World Cup 2011, acquired at the same time as the Men's World Cup 2010. Coproducts and codiffusés by both channels, games are a success hearings.Especially since the disappointment surrounding the men's team at the World Cup in South Africa in 2010 frustrated football fans. "After the episode of Knysna, there was a latent expectation of the French for the beautiful game and a fighting team, Fabrice Lorvo analysis, a sports marketing specialist at FTPA. The public was ready to ignite their national team. The spark, it is the girls who brought them. "

To date, the semi-final France / USA Women's World Cup represents the historical record of the chain … and all channels TNT (2.43 million viewers, 17.4% audience share). Normally, the average audience of Direct 8 between 2 and 2.5% market share. Since then, the magic continues.Since the start of the qualifying matches for Euro 2013 Blue to seduce between 720,000 and 940,000 fans.

The appetite of the major broadcasters would raise prices

Given this popularity, the chain does not stop there, and is now attacking the European and national. "If a French club in 2012 reached the final of the Champions League Women, we might be candidates to UEFA to broadcast the match," said Thierry Cheleman. Last year, the epic European Lyonnaises, who had won the competition against Potsdam, had already resulted in an audience of 1.2 million viewers (4.9% market share), peaking 1.9 million. Meanwhile, the management of Direct 8 has made an offer to FFF for TV rights of the first women's division (D1) over the period 2012-2014.Insufficient supply, Eurosport and France Television has won the set in August.

It is the flip side: the structuring of the market for women's football TV rights could eventually crowd out smaller players. "For the TV rights are the subject of a market requires that the images are produced and disseminated. Two years ago, it was not the case for women's football. Direct 8 that produces the games itself, has allowed the emergence of women's football on television in the clear, "Fabrice Lorvo analysis. On average, the chain said spend between 40,000 and 50,000 euros per game. The emergence of such a market whets the appetites and proposals for new broadcasters.

For the giants of the sport are Eurosport and Canal + could well participate in the cost inflation of rights, if performance women are superior to those of men.Inflation that is already seeing Thierry Cheleman, even if they are about 100 times lower than those of men. From this point of view, the acquisition by the pay channel Direct 8 could be an asset, "even if it is too early to draw clear ambitions to Canal + for Direct 8 on women's football," he concludes .

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Faced with the challenge, Astrium-Geo Information Services in 2009 created a subsidiary 100% owned and based in São Paulo. "We presented our offer to the Department of Defense," said Pierre Duquesne, Executive Director of the subsidiary, the latest implementations of EADS in Brazil.The company presented the armed capabilities of a new satellite earth observation Spot Image of the constellation Pleiades to be launched by the Russian Soyuz rocket by the end of the year from the spaceport of Kourou. The satellite will collect images that, once retired, will offer a very high resolution of 50 cm. The Ministry of Defence who wanted to start the process of buying the pictures this year shifted a few months, normally 2012.

On the front of civil contracts, Astrium Geo-Information Services Brazil relies on feedback from pioneering three states with which it has contracts. "State of Mato Grosso, Para and Rondonia have established a precise mapping of their territory by purchasing our images with a resolution of 2.5 meters.Their experience serves as a benchmark for the federal government has decided to extend the operation to the whole country, "says the CEO of the subsidiary that conducted in 2010 4 million in revenue against 2.5 million in 2009.Ces states are particularly affected by the operations of deforestation by wild cattle and rape creditreport.

The deforestation in the Amazon increased by 15%

Time is running out. As part of the Copenhagen summit on climate in 2009, Brazil agreed to reduce from 36.1 to 39.8% its emissions of greenhouse gas emissions and 80% deforestation of the Amazon rainforest that is home 30,000 different species and contains 12% of freshwater on the planet. The Brazilians must take stock of their efforts at the summit in June 2012 "Rio +20" which marks the anniversary of the first Earth Summit, held in Rio in 1992.However, 80% of these emissions are the direct result of deforestation. Add to this the effect of climate change. To act, replanting trees, protecting certain areas … Brasilia needs to observe its territory to establish an environmental and rural cadastre. The idea is to look closer to the evolution of the Amazon forest which still covers 62% of the country but also to see if farmers comply with the legislation in terms of width of the forest along the rivers in their areas crops and forests etc. and identify the illegal loggers.

A study by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), the deforestation in the Amazon increased 15% between July 2010 and July 2011.Clearly, 2654 km2 of vegetation have disappeared, especially in the states of Mato Grosso and Para.

In the short term, the government purchased for several tens of millions of reals (1 euro = 2.5 reais) at Astrium-Geo images collected by the SPOT satellites or belong to space agencies such as ESA. "Secondly, Brasilia could decide to buy satellites to Earth observation," said Pierre Duquesne.

Achieving this goal will require new efforts, however. According to estimates published by the Commission alongside the accounts of the social security system, the "hole" would amount to 21.2 billion more next year, if nothing new savings or revenues were taken ("trend ").This is despite rather favorable macroeconomic assumptions adopted by the government (1.75% growth, 3.7% increase in payroll).

Patchwork savings

To do better, the government is "primarily on cost containment through structural reforms," ​​pleads one in the entourage of the Minister of Public Accounts, Valérie Pécresse. There's no question for the industry pensions. The second step of delaying the legal age (60 years and eight months from 1 January), listed in the reform of Sarkozy, Woerth 2010, 1.2 billion will reduce the total pension paid in 2012, says Bercy. And this effect will intensify over the years, until 2018, when the legal age will reach age 62.However, for the health branch, the major economies announced for next year are less than a fundamental reform of a traditional patchwork (lower prices of drugs or radiological, snacking benefits of sick leave …).