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The French Finance Ministry responded late, but with great detail, the controversy launched by MEP in Europe Ecology Canfin Pascal, on the bonuses of bankers and traders French.In Libération, 7 May, he thought the amounts paid by banks not complying with EU rules.

The MEP said that France would not accurately transposed the directive on variable compensation, which would allow certain bankers, including Baudouin Prot (Chief Executive Officer of BNP Paribas) and Frederic Oudéa (CEO of Societe Generale) to receive bonus of several million euros, four to five times larger than their fixed salaries, under the year 2010.

"It's unfair to single out France!" Says it does at Bercy, where we recall that the decree implementing the EU directive was sent to Brussels in March 2011, without comment, to To date, the European Commission, while "warnings" have yet been sent to 12 Member States in March …

Variable part, fixed part

G20 first to denounce the perverse bonuses, France is presented as a model student for the application of new rules on the matter. To demonstrate that the volume of bonuses paid in 2011 for the year 2010 is declining, Bercy dotted with numbers: the ratio of net income bonus on the Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB) would be increased from 125% 2007 to 100% in 2009 and 30% in 2010.According to references of the two great Parisian institutions BNP and Societe Generale, the average bonus would have decreased from 303 000 in 2009 to 290 000 euros in 2010 and 231 000 in 2009 to 198 000 euros in 2010.

Moreover, the share of bonuses in total compensation would have increased by over 75% in 2009 to 60% in 2010. An average does not represent the variable portion of 62% of the remuneration of Baudouin Prot in 2010 and 73% of that of Frederick Oudéa."In the spirit of French and European legislation, it was a 50/50 balance the ratio between the fixed and variable pay," recalls in Paris say, "there is that the European Parliament who wanted the 50/50, but that would inevitably lead to a wage explosion … "

Finally, Bercy said that more than 60% of the bonuses awarded in 2010 were deferred for three years at least, and that banks resort more to guaranteed bonuses over several years.

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The Governing Council of the European Central Bank moves Thursday in Helsinki, according to a well-established ritual of holding its twice yearly conclave off the walls. A deliberate manner to meet the "true European". If market economists are virtually unanimous in excluding any change in interest rates on Thursday they expect the president of the ECB provides specific guidance, at its monthly press conference on the strategy it intends to .

He speaks of "extreme vigilance" on inflation, "would signal a rate hike in June," Jonathan Loynes believes, the chief economist of Capital Economics. Jean-Claude Trichet had used the term encoded on March 3. The markets had immediately concluded that the ECB would raise the following month's rate remained unchanged at 1% since May 2009.The promise was actually held on April 7, despite the disasters that had struck the meantime Japan.

A new security crackdown in June is not the assumption of the majority of experts. They recall that during the two previous phases of monetary tightening experienced since its inception in January 1999, the ECB waited three months before continuing its march forward. However, there is no doubt that central bankers in Frankfurt will launch a second strike in the summer, probably in July. "If Trichet had expressed its" extreme vigilance "on March 3, he had risen to 2.3% while its inflation projections for 2011. But the consumer price already showing an increase of 2.8% over the last twelve months and now we are heading towards a figure of 3% over the year.The ECB will have no mood to continue the cylce of rising interest rates, analysis Bruno Cavalier, an economist at Oddo Securities.

Besides the issue of interest rates, Jean-Claude Trichet, speaking on behalf of 23 members of the Governing Council will be asked about the pursuit of so-called "unconventional" monetary policy and purchases of securities State set up in pain May 9, 2010. "President Trichet will continue to indicate without any doubt that the program continues. But since there were no purchases during the past four weeks, it is clear that the ECB is increasingly reluctant to maintain such measures in place when it hardens its conventional political " according to Capital Economics.

The ECB president is sure to renew his opposition to any restructuring of the Greek debt, including the ECB holds a substantial share."Of the 75 billion euro government securities bought, more than half of the paper focuses on Greek, whose market price is currently trading at 57% of their face value (of the 10-year bonds), calculates Bruno Cavalier. This shows the potential magnitude of losses to the ECB about these operations, although its purchases have been made at prices already discounted.

Ghent, in northern Belgium, hopes to lead by example. Alderman (elected) of Finance of the city, the Liberal Christophe Peeters, announced the withdrawal next 30 to 35 million euros were deposited in the accounts of banks Dexia and KBC in the name of the fight against the "bonus comfortable granted to bosses, "he said.

Dexia has announced the beginning of the payment to its managing director Pierre Mariani variable compensation of 600,000 euros for the year 2010. KBC for its part stated its intention to resume the payment of bonuses to its executives. These two institutions had to be helped by the government during the financial crisis. "When things were going badly, the taxpayers' money has helped the banks. Now that the situation improves, the banks start bonus of the same culture.We are not saying that this is not only ethical, but we act with the language of money, "protested Christophe Peeters.

Compensation "in accordance with legal provisions"

The amount that will remove the city corresponds to short-term investments. Christophe Peeters Dexia and KBC now threatens to turn to banks that do not grant bonuses "unreasonable" for the money to pay his wages and new investments in the long term cash till payday.

Following this decision, KBC announced its regret while stressing that the city was within its rights. For its part, Dexia said that its compensation policy was consistent with legal and regulatory European, Belgian and French.

Tougher legislation to

Although legal, these decisions go wrong with Brussels.European Commissioner for Financial Services, Michel Barnier, said that calls for moderation "were not heard." It now threatens to tighten the law of the European Union. In Belgium, the new Governor of National Bank, Luc Coene, also deemed "indecent" that banks that have benefited from government support grant bonuses to their executives.

The movement seems well underway across Europe. At the same time, Dexia and KBC, the BPCE (People's Bank – Savings Bank) announced the grant to the President Perol a bonus of one million euros in the year 2010. Like his colleagues in Belgium, the French bank had received a boost of 7.1 billion euros in state aid to help head out of water during the crisis.

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"French companies are literally looting!" Provides cybercriminologue Laurence Ifrah. They suffer all computer attacks. But these cases generally stifled so as not to alter their image. "Overall, worldwide, the flight data company has harmed more than one trillion dollars according to a study by McAfee, a company specializing in security computer. "France is among the most affected countries," said the specialist Symantec Norton Antivirus editor.

Strategic sectors like defense, aerospace, nuclear and all technology companies are particularly targeted. "Once an international tender was launched, espionage is taking place. Everyone tries to know the competitors' proposals, to adjust his own, "explains Laurence Ifrah.These flights also allow a "transfer" of technology at low cost.

All countries benefit

The Chinese are chronically designated as sponsors of these raids computer. According to the English equivalent of the DGSE, the MI6 contingent of engineers trained in the offensive would do well for three "Silicon Valley" of China. They carry out massive attacks and did not fear reprisals. Because it is always difficult to prove the origin of these intrusions.

They are not the only ones to steal data. All countries benefit from this golden age of intelligence information, while companies or sometimes even government services have yet to take drastic measures to protect. Because computer security is extremely restrictive. Should stop using their iPhone or BlackBerry, easily tapped.Or reduce the use of the Internet dedicated rooms within companies! It is also necessary to correct any faults computer. But maintaining the traffic slows, sometimes crippling computers. Many companies compare the cost and the risks putting off repairs.

"Anyone can copy the information in five minutes"

Thus, the pirates come from the world's most easily identified by holes. It should also be encrypted. "If the hard disk of a laptop is not encrypted, anyone can copy the information into five minutes and come away with without anyone noticing," says Bashir Mana, General Manager Europe, Middle East and Africa at Kroll, a specialist in risk management payday loans for self employed.Which concludes: "If a technology group spends less than 1% of its turnover to security, there is danger." But this is common.

Moreover, the computer circuits are not sufficiently "segmented" according to security experts. Just like the secret recipe for Coca-Cola, "we must never deliver the orders in full system to a single person." Even confidence! The data are too widely accessible to employees. The Wikileaks case and its diplomatic cables probably recovered without difficulty by a disgruntled soldier showed he does not build walls around a site to protect it, that threats also come from within. "At least 20% of information theft are caused by employees," according to computer security company Verizon.Some start with, it judging owners.

"The human is the weak link"

Others are in dispute with the company to disclose and seek revenge. Researchers at the International Centre for Comparative Criminology, Audrey Asseman and Benoît Dupont, have also started work modeling of risk factors among employees. Because "the human remains the weakest link."

Most employees become unwitting accomplices, however. Bribe or convince remains difficult, costly and risky. The new spies prefer "social engineering" to approach a target, know your Facebook friends, sign an email with a credible name known to the employee opens the unsuspecting and the book business to a Trojan ."The most effective attacks are those that are lighter and technologically the most discreet as an industry program extends over many months," says Nicolas Arpagian, scientific director of digital security ring at the National Institute of Studies of security and justice. Spies split files and schedule their departure in the day, while masses of messages flow.

These threats of espionage are now known. But in general, after a computer attack scale, the companies are reviewing their security arrangements.

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Diabetes closer Sanofi-Aventis and Qatar. The laboratory lights and the Qatar Foundation signed a few weeks ago a research agreement on the use of stem cells in treating diabetes. Tens of millions of euros and twenty scientists will be assigned to such work on the new pandemic of the 21st century. Diabetes is among the main centers of development of Sanofi, which aims to become world leader in this market. The sixth world laboratory has also concluded, on March 24, yet another partnership on this issue with the Medical Center Columbia University in New York. "Diabetes is also a fundamental issue for Qatar," said Dr. Abdelali Haoud, vice-president in charge of the Research Division of the Qatar Foundation.The disease already affects more than 12% of the population in the Gulf, which is a hold twice as high as in the rest of the world.

Each partner is innovating with this agreement. Sanofi signs its first research project in the Middle East and the Qatar Foundation's first agreement with a major pharmaceutical company same day payday loans. But health is far from being a new world for this small state of 1.8 million inhabitants, who intends to use the windfall from natural gas and oil to turn into a society based on knowledge ("knowledge based society ").

Qatar affects 2.8% of GDP, 3.5 billion dollars last year, training and research in three main areas: information technology, energy, and especially health. The Qatar Foundation has already put $ 7.9 billion available to the academic hospital and a pole Sidra Home biotech began in late 2009.The Qatar National Research Fund, another offshoot of the foundation of the small emirate has invested 230 million dollars over three years to fund approximately 80 centers and institutes and private research worldwide. Finally, the first biobank of the region, that is to say a central storage of biological samples, just to see the day in Doha.

At the gentle slope succeeds collapse. France 3 now flirting with the 10% audience share, against 14% three years ago. Last Saturday in prime time, the public channel regions is even symbolically passed below a million viewers, with the spread of the play One foot in the crime from the theater of the Auction of Marseille. A hearing to sentence the youth level digital television channels which now flirt with the 2 million viewers.

The staff of the chain relies on its public service mission to justify such a rout. But the argument is over when France 3 collapses to 4.6% audience share at lunch with "Midi in France, led by renegade Laurent Boyer M6, or Saturday night in second part of the evening when the series of disappearances is not taking off 4.4% audience share.Even the film loses its shine on France 3 since The Last Gang did not exceed 6.2% audience share last week.With the cost of grid that is around that of 2-France around 800 million euros, and 4800 employees, the decline of hearing begins to be disturbing.

Faced with scores, Corteel Lawrence, director of France 3 antennas, spoke Tuesday at the convention of executives of France Televisions, "the necessary regional reconquest," one of "information" concerning ", closer to the lived audiences, and "Wealth of twenty-four regional offices."

However, France 3 Must begin his Copernican revolution and lack of hearing, stop being a national chain, like Radio France Bleu (Radio France), be primarily a network of local stations ? For Francis Guilbeau, general manager of the chain, "the economic balance of the television does not allow it.This would mean having to increase the budget of the chain 24, the number of our local offices. ARD Germany has a budget of 7 billion euros. Our mission is not to make room for the local audience. "And remember that" no private regional channel has been a success in France, very centralized country. " However, the boss of France 3 recognizes the need to play more cards proximity, "which does not mean that Britons do not speak only to Britons no faxing pay day loans." "For now, he admits, regional programs are inconspicuous and do not have the success we expected." The documentary Xynthia after the storm, made in the region, has received a share of hearing by 7.1%. François Guilbeau does however borrow France Bleu her art "programs and services of local interest such as employment, real estate."Similarly, a "club of the regional press" should be created in the fall.

The radio daily

Playing the local map has paid for France Bleu. For three years, its audience grew. In the last survey Médiamétrie, the second general of Radio France slipped to RMC with 7.5% of total audience. Successfully initiated by Christiane Chadal, Network Manager from January 2008 to March 2010, with an editorial in August 2008 embodied in the slogan "From here". "Our position" From here "is anchored on the premises, but does not see the current national or international law, says Anne Brucy, director of France Bleu network. For example, the news in Japan and the crisis in Fukushima have mobilized our local near nuclear power plants (The Hague, Pierrelatte Fessenheim …).We take a comprehensive look from where our listeners. "These are major contributors of France Bleu. "The role of the auditor is at the heart of the program. It is about the listeners share and enrich the program information. Our expertise can enhance their contribution, "says Anne Brucy. A supply that feeds the antenna at a lower cost but is difficult to reproduce in television.

Similarly, through a nationwide network with 43 local Consequently, France Bleu can also actively participate in local life. What strengthen its position as "the daily companion."

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Pay by phone, we talk about it as a promising technology but the market struggled to take off in France. According to Les Echos published on Thursday, Google has partnered with two leaders in the market of payment terminals, French and U.S. Verizon Ingenico to continue his research on this project.

Still experimental, the NFC for Near Field Communication "helps pay for purchases with a mobile phone equipped with a chip adapted. According to Bloomberg, Google plans to test the next four months, the use of these new payment terminals in shops in New York and San Francisco and then to extend the trial to the cities of Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington DC.

21% Ingenico terminals sold

At Ingenico, NFC weighs more heavily in sales: The manufacturer stated a few days ago that its sales of contactless payment terminals in 2010 accounted for 21% of handsets sold, up 50% one year.

At the Paris Bourse, the French manufacturer's partnership with the giant Google has been welcomed by investors: one hour after the opening, title Ingenico climbs 4 no fax pay day loans.94% to 27.94 euros.

Other groups are organizing to floor on the development of this technology that will better know the buying habits of consumers and offer more targeted ads.Thus, Apple also offers services to transform its Ingenico iPod touch and iPhone into means of payment with a solution called "ISMP".

The latest example, the Franco-Italian STMicroelectronics, a supplier of secure microcontrollers, and smart card manufacturer Gemalto French announced Monday a partnership to jointly develop services based on NFC technology.

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No pay rise for the new strong man of L'Oreal. Jean-Paul Agon, CEO of the group, also holds the post of president since Friday but will retain the same salary this year than in 2010. "For 2011, the Council (…) stopped fixed at 2,100,000 euros gross a year earlier, unchanged from 2010," does it say in the management report 2010 of the Board of Directors , submitted to the AMF and made available on March 17.

Jean-Paul Agon has not received in 2010 his entire salary: part depended targets he has not fully met. It has affected 80% of the 2.1 million indicated, is 1.68 million euros. A salary cut in 2010, no increase in 2011: the future CEO of L'Oreal is so far not mistreated by his group. He was awarded $ 6.9 million stock options last year.Since 2006, the officer received a total of 1.25 million stock options. It will retain 50% of them while he remains in office.

As for Sir Lindsay Owen Jones, Jean-Paul Agon was replaced as president on Friday, it will benefit more now that its fees for participation in the boards. As each board member, he will receive as such a lump sum of 30,000 euros plus 5,000 euros per session. It has received 85,000 euros in 2010.

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Consumers do not win, but dentists can rejoice. The senators voted Wednesday for the removal of the requirement for practitioners to mention the purchase price of prostheses they provide to their patients. This indication was made mandatory since the implementation of the "hospital, patient, health, territory" (HPST) in March 2010 and aimed to introduce more transparency in the prices charged by dentists.

For the price of hearing varies almost by a factor of two firms, analyzed the organization last February mutuelle.com. Rates that depend on several factors: the quality of the prosthesis, the reputation of the dentist, the neighborhood where he practices, but also the level of medical coverage for the patient."It is almost a rule that the physician inquires about it, so that the topping facto contributes to drive prices up and enjoy in good part to the care provider," noted the Court of Auditors A report published last year.

No effect on import prices

Disparate rates are also particularly high. Citing a 2005 report published in Belgium, the Court of Auditors noted that the price of a prosthesis in France is 2.5 times that of a prosthesis in Germany, itself 25% more expensive that 'in the Netherlands.

Aggravating factor for the French practitioners: the growing share of imported models (about 15% in 2010 according to the French Dental Association) has never passed on the average price charged by dentists.Yet the cost of dentures made in China, Madagascar and North Africa is three times lower (40 euros against 120 euros) than models manufactured in France.

Competition poor '

Accordingly, it is 10% of the French population is forced to give dental care because of cost, says the Institute for Research and Documentation in Health Economics (Irdes). Generally, dental costs alone constitute more than half of medical benefits to which patients give up that ground.

It is under these facts that the Court of Auditors argued last year that the quotation offered to patients include the purchase price of the prosthesis. "Improving transparency would help to remedy a lack of competition today," thought the institution.

"Intensive lobbying"

The senators, however, have decided otherwise Wednesday. Gilbert Barbier, behind the amendment removing this requirement, explains: "The text was virtually unenforceable. If you want to calculate the cost of a prosthesis, we must delve a lot of ancillary costs, "he explains. Furthermore, why impose this requirement only to dentists, not the garage for example? "He asks. "Dentists have had the feeling of being stigmatized. Let us keep right, "came Wednesday in support of meeting the Minister of Health Xavier Bertrand.

Another argument advanced by Senators: prices of acts called "conservatives" (scaling, treatment of caries, decay …) would be undervalued by social security. "For ten years they have not been adjusted.This explains that dentists sometimes compensate by increasing their margin on prostheses, "suggests Gilbert Barbier. Yet, according to the ECA, some of these rates were revalued by 30% in 2006. Meanwhile, prices of prostheses continued to grow at an annual rate of more than 3% …

For UFC-Que Choisir, the situation is clear. "The intensive lobbying professionals was correct in the interest of patients," said Cedric Musso Thursday, director of institutional relations within the association, in the columns of "Paris-Today in France. "The dentists are not commercial professions. As health professionals, they do not make a profit on hardware sales. "

The net is closing around the football clubs. By last weekend, the president of the Professional Football League (LFP), Frederic Thiriez confirmed the loss of 114.1 million euros for the Ligue 1 clubs in 2009-2010. The report of the National Monitoring Directorate and management has not yet been validated by the union of professional football clubs (UCPF). "The clubs have been affected by the global crisis and the slowdown in the transfer market," he says.

Nevertheless, the president of the LFP is aware that the explanation goes beyond the mere "fact crisis." Revenue transfers fell sharply (-41% in 2009-2010), wages that are consistent, in equity base (-28.8% in 2009-2010) are all reasons for the economic difficulties of football French."Success" of the tender on the television rights to be held between April 30 and May 15 is more than ever sought by clubs in Ligue 1. In other words, they hope that Canal + will raise its offer or another broadcaster will file his candidacy. In an exclusive interview figaro.fr, president of Olympique Lyonnais, Jean-Michel Aulas has admitted that in case of falling revenue from TV rights, it will sell two or three players at the end of the season and reduce the wage bill of around ten million euros.

In addition to increasing revenue, including sponsorship and ticket sales, the long-term goal for the elite of French football is to significantly reduce its expenses. Involved soaring player salaries. "For at least three years, wages have been higher by at least 20% on budget," said Richard Oliver, president of the DNCG free credit score online.While the practice of financial fair play must be established at European level in three years, the DNCG intends to strengthen its supervision of accounts of football clubs.

"Addressing the hazards athletes"

From the 2011-2012 season, the supervisor will compare the funds' own clubs with bigger operating loss, excluding transfers recorded in the last three years. If it was higher than the equity, off-recurring items, the club's transfers in question are framed over a period of three to five years. "The goal is to allow clubs to deal with uncertainties sports, not as a qualification for a European Cup or relegation to a lower division," said Richard Oliver.

At first glance, the clubs would be on the same wavelength as the DNCG.The average salary of new contracts signed in Ligue 1 when last winter transfer window is actually down 7% from the summer of 2010. Yet the annual report of the supervisory authority on the accounts of French clubs for the 2009-2010 season which was published last Friday was postponed. The reason? League 1 expressed pessimism annoyed by the DNCG. "The concerns are not in France when there are foreign clubs, and big clubs, who would not qualify if the financial fair play were applied today," said Jean-Pierre Louvel, president of the 'UCPF.

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