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The markets are down conviction Thursday. The CAC 40 fell by more than 2% in early trade then turned around, earning up to 1% in the morning. But mid-term is a reluctance to wait still dominates, the benchmark index of the Paris Bourse advancing 0.8% to 3099.48 points. The day before, the CAC 40 lost 2.17% to below 3100 points.

As on Wall Street and Asian stock markets, doubt seized investors, who are now considering the worst: a contagion of debt in the eurozone. With the center of these concerns, the situation in Italy, including the implementation of austerity measures remains uncertain. The announcement yesterday of the upcoming departure of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has in fact added to the uncertainty, as evidenced by soaring rates in ten years the Italian Treasury payday loan.Interest rates at one year paid by the Italian Treasury this morning reached a new record during a test program.

The concerns of the operators in the financial markets move increasingly towards France. This morning, the rates of French government bonds to ten years has exceeded 3.30%.

Unison concerns of investors, Brussels found the Italian debt situation "very worrying". Ditto for the International Monetary Fund: its director Christine Lagarde said today that "lack of political clarity" in Italy supplied the uncertainties, according to Reuters.

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The tax is sure to be one of the main themes of the campaign. First question of democracy: the French have always been upset with the tax. This is not new. But now they no longer understand the meaning. Taxpayers do not know why they are not taxed when the money from. They wonder if they are "just" dizzy and taxed at the constant changes in the foot of the state, making our tax system totally unpredictable, unreadable, and therefore ineffective.How many French know they will pay for the first time this year a portion of their housing tax for inter-municipal, that is to say, of municipalities, they know nothing? How many business owners know exactly how much they will pay in lieu of business tax, abolished last year in favor of two new taxes? Reconcile with the citizen taxpayer is more than ever an imperative, when the both of them were again tempted to exile.

Question of economic efficiency then. One can only be struck by the complete lack of fiscal strategy of the Finance Bill 2012, currently under discussion in Parliament. In the eyes of officials of Bercy, the only way to increase tax revenues is to remove the niches or benefits made in the tax calculation.More than half of the 11 billion euros in additional savings are announced in late August and the removal of some old tax benefits. Now that the idea has been fueled largely with public opinion than the 104 billion euros in lost revenue for state coffers that are the fiscal and social niches, half are "very effective" or "inefficient", this solution is actually the easiest to implement. But it can serve as long-term program. As niches, whose real term is "tax expenditure", are as fundamental to encourage private investors to replace the public investor.No niches, no investment in France, which already sorely lacking.

Reform the income tax

The tax reform in 2012 will revolve around three major issues: how to bring balance between taxation of wealth and income? How to get to his income tax progressivity? What future for VAT?

To these questions, the UMP and the PS will provide different answers, of course bad credit payday advance. But the rules are the same for all. France can no longer raise taxes. The tax ratio-mandatory, ie the tax burden, amounted to 44.5% of GDP, close to its historical levels (44.9% in 1999). But conversely, the disastrous situation of public finances prevents them down.The "big bang" will be announced fiscal totally bounded in the universe: it will be a rebalancing in depth, but revenue constant.

Some lines of force emerge. The income tax in its present form, is on trial. Two transformations are emerging: reconsider its progressivity, that is to say goodbye slices. Or merge it with the CSG, an idea that has the favor of PS and a large part of the UMP. This merger should not be mistaken, broaden the tax base, will make the income tax fairer, but will also be more painful for the average incomes.

Similarly, it will not escape a VAT reform. Since 2008, 15 European countries have found, for fiscal consolidation, so much so that the rate of 19.6% French is now among the lowest in the euro area, 1 point lower than the average.Especially down at the other, the government chose to lower it for some sectors (food, building …).

Finally, there is the balance between taxation of income and wealth. The most sensitive issue. Recently, in Le Figaro, the budget minister Valérie Pécresse explained: "By raising taxes on savings, we compare the taxation of wealth from that of labor income." The road has only begun. One can imagine what awaits holders of wealth in the coming years …

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Grisaille Economic ambient softness unusual temperatures have probably induced consumers for caution September. Including their clothing purchases. Consequence: France, sales textile clothing tumbled 10% over same month last year.It French Institute fashion (IFM) which launches the alarm in his last letter Conjunctural.

This falling sales spares no distributor:

-Department stores accuse thus decline sales 7% by value in September versus the same period 2010

-Chains saw sales backward 10%

-Downward turnover is 12% for independent multibrand and 14% Monoprix.

Chez Monoprix we confirms that "weather unfavorable impacted sales" but also justifies this bad news by that September 2010 compared, was excellent months "sales had then effectively climbed 7% "says we the distributor.Postponement a commercial operation christened "The nine days», held last year September but is programmed this year straddling September and October has perhaps helped falling sales recognizes we also Monoprix payday advance lender.

Worst September long …

Side independents multibrand, falling sales was certainly 12% September but segment lingerie posted according IFM the best resistance (+0.3% in value in September).

All distributors confused, sales had started marking time soon summer balances was disappointing for distributors.During the period January-August 2011, they had already declined by 1.7% in value over the same period last year.

The downward trend has clearly intensified in September, which is the worst for the industry for a long time: according to the IFM, clothing sales in France had indeed increased 2% in 2010, which was a good year, after falling 8% in 2009. But climbed 1.2% 2008 and even 8.3% in 2007.

The outlook for the month of October are not provided completely obscured: true, according to Franck Delpal, an economist at the IFM, a slight improvement in weather clothing is not excluded in October, with relapse of temperatures .

The National Assembly has been discussing the bill Thursday strengthening the rights, protection and consumer information. Already, two amendments were adopted on Thursday evening, which will impact on landlords and potential tenants. The text tabled by MP Francois PS Brottes and endorsed by members of right is to encourage improvements rented accommodation. To do so, homeowners who have implemented the work that contribute to lower occupancy costs will now increase the rent "for 50% of expenses saved." A measure "win-win" according to the PS deputy, the Secretary of State for Consumer Affairs, Frédéric Lefebvre, also considered "attractive." One problem remains: the amount of expenses saved will not be easy to assess, said the reporter Daniel Fasquelle.The decree of enforcement should provide more details.

To further protect buyers and sellers of homes, parliamentarians have also adopted at the same meeting an amendment reducing the period of exclusivity clauses imposed by estate agents. Amendment UMP plans to limit the duration of these contracts to three months. This is "to provide for reasonable and appropriate to market needs," without calling into question this possibility completely, which "encourages the professional to find or sell a home quickly," says the text paydayloans. The amendment, passed in the ranks of the Socialist Party, was described as "very important" by Frederic Lefebvre. The bill already provided that such exclusive contracts can no longer be tacitly renewed, but only under an express agreement.

The text under consideration since this week also includes other measures aimed primarily at protecting tenants. Owners who do not return the deposit due to their landlord will increase the amount of 10% per month of delay. A measure that MPs hope deterrent. As the new owners now, tenants can now also challenge the falsity of the information provided by the surface owner within a certain time. A measure that would apply only to contracts signed after the passage of the law.

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What remains of it bias? It was a theme of Jean-Marie Le Pen there twenty years. It was the time when the country was not hit by the consequences of globalization. The stranger was a threat, he had just "eat the bread of the French."

Years later, Marine Le Pen took over the torch gently but one senses that the heart is gone. Difficult to show the French that limiting immigration would be freed up more spaces for "national". If immigration remains a favorite theme of the National Front, it seems that even the Navy Pen no longer believes in national preference in the fight against unemployment.Admittedly, equivalent jurisdiction, it says it will recruit French, but it does not tell a foreign jurisdiction, provided, of course, it is in good standing.

The way forward in the field of employment shows that some backward-looking arguments are less popular in the far-right party no faxing payday loan. It is the same for the wage-feeding. If her father was attached, it was clearly because a society where women care for children was more consistent with his vision of the family. Her daughter from this point of view is more modern. For her the work done by women at home must be paid but they willingly leave the choice to work.

In this regard, Marine Le Pen is a woman of her generation.Remains the personality that emerges from the maintenance and which is finally consistent with the public image of the candidate: she does not like bent (those "curves"), requires that he realizes (management of the head ) and admits that it would be difficult to work with a personality as strong as hers and complainer. In the end, the heiress gives the impression she is quite capable of leading the small family business, which does not mean that it is able to run a government. That's another job, and it does not only depend on her.

The Paris Bourse do not know which way to turn on Wednesday. After starting down 0.58% at 3212.23 points, the CAC 40 is pressed into the green in mid-day, hause of 0.17%. It continues to grow and advance of 1.39% to 3275.80 points in 16 hours. At the London Stock Exchange, the FTSE-100 reduced its losses and lost 0.20%, as the Dax in Frankfurt which yields 0.55%. Madrid is pressed into the green and earns 0.30%.

The small increase in opening on Wall Street allowed the European indices to regain some ground after a volatile morning. Investors are, in fact, not reassured by the proposals of German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy yesterday on the governance of the euro area.These include notably the establishment of a "real government of the euro area", the adoption of a golden rule of balancing the budget by the seventeen members of the euro area and the introduction of a tax on financial transactions. The French president and German Chancellor did not, however, proposed to increase the European bailout fund not to launch Eurobond market as hoped.

If these proposals were welcomed by governments, many analysts believe, therefore, they lack the substance to calm global stock markets. Sony Kapoor, the think tank Re-Define, based in London, believes that "economic government's proposal, which may be an important step towards an even tighter union, is of little use to address the most urgent" ."The meeting between the German and French leaders failed to alleviate concerns about the debt crisis in the euro area," adds Ker Chung Yang, an analyst at Phillip Futures Oil in Singapore.

The euro is trying to back up the hill, looking for gold

The most tangible sign of the disappointment of markets: the decline of the euro. It was worth 1.4365 dollars in Tokyo Wednesday, against 1.4406 dollars in New York the night before. He came down this morning in Asia to 1.4352 dollar. At midday, the European currency, however, able to bounce back and exchanged to 16 hours at 1.4482 dollar."The Franco-German meeting did not result in clear solutions and this has caused sales of euros," said Nobuyoshi Kuroiwa, a leader in foreign exchange Hachijuni Bank.

Gold, a refuge in times of crisis, was worth 1795 dollars on Wednesday afternoon in Hong Kong, 1780 against the dollar the day before closing.

Oil prices opened sharply higher in New York, supported by expectations of declining stocks of petroleum products, synonymous with an application may be better than expected guaranteed payday loans. Around 1:10 p.m. GMT on the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex ), a barrel of "light sweet crude" for September delivery was trading at 88.29 dollars, up 2.24 dollars compared to the previous day.

Always on the side indicators, inflation excluding volatile items fell in the eurozone in July, Eurostat said Wednesday, confirming also the overall annual inflation rate.Excluding energy and unprocessed food packaged, retail prices fell 0.8% monthly increase of 1.5% annually from 1.8% in June

United States, the producer prices rose more than expected in July, 0.2%, after falling 0.4% in June, according to the Labor Department.

Values ​​to follow

The banking sector

The Franco-German proposal to create a common tax on financial transactions was announced Tuesday after the close of European stock. As Wall Street and in Asia, French banks respond poorly. BNP Paribas (-2% to 36.75 euros) is the second largest drop in the CAC. The bank is followed by Societe Generale (-1.58% to 24.87 euros) and Credit Agricole (-0.87% to 6.72 euros).Natixis (0.72% to 3.08 euros) and Axa (0.49% to 11.27 euros) are in green.

The project also affects the stock exchange operators: NYSE Euronext lost 6.38%, 6.22% yield Deutsche Börse and the London Stock Exchange was down 4.42%.

Lafarge: -0.09% to 29.21 euros

The cement manufacturer announced Wednesday the sale of the autralien Boral's share in their joint venture LBGA (Lafarge Boral Gypsum Asia) for a total of 429 million euros.

Renault: -0.14% to 29.09 euros

The South Korean subsidiary Renault, Renault Samsung, Wednesday denied news reports suggesting its possible initial public offering of Seoul.

Edenred: -0.54% to 18.50 euros

The group announced the sale of its Australian subsidiary Trahaire Davidson, a consulting company in human resources, specializing in psychological assistance to employees as part of a transaction of approximately $ 35 million.

Rodriguez Group: -4.01% to 3.83 euros

The group released a drop of 38% of its sales in the third quarter to end June, due to lower sales of new boats, but the group expects an improvement in sales of used boats on the last part of his 2010-2011.

A day back in the middle of August. Nicolas Sarkozy will be in Paris today for lunch with François Fillon, then to meet with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, herself back from vacation.

At a time when the euro area is attacked, France and Germany are trying to show a united front and show their determination to end the crisis. The mini-summit will be devoted to devising solutions to improve the governance of the euro area, which concern failures in financial markets. Although not conclusive a priori – "do not expect anything spectacular," said a spokesman yesterday the German government – the meeting should enable the two leaders to lay the groundwork for the future.

Sensitivity of the issue Eurobonds will however not address, contrary to the hopes markets.Berlin's opposition to the creation of common obligations to countries in the euro area has long been known. The Merkel government has good reason to be against: issued in the name of all countries, eurobonds have an interest rate equal to the average rate in effect in all countries. It would therefore be higher than that which currently takes Berlin. Until now, France is merely to show little enthusiasm for these Eurobonds.

Yesterday, Paris is out of the woods to show his unity with his partner. "The Euro-bonds are not an adequate response today. Common issue bonds requires a degree of economic integration and budgetary countries that we have not met, "says one as president fast cash. Paris joins Berlin on another "nyet" to increase the capacity of the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF), now with 440 billion euros."The level of funding is appropriate," they say at the Elysee.

Hours before his meeting with Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy has discussed with Francois Fillon and French public finances. Lead to disappointing growth, the government has no choice: even a few months before the elections, it must take further austerity measures. France, which is followed closely by the markets, absolutely must bring its deficit to 4.6% of GDP in 2012.

Niche in their sights

To achieve this, taking into account a sluggish economy, the figure of 10 billion euros of savings is often cited. But do not confirm Bercy. In the entourage of Valérie Pécresse, the budget minister, it says only that "these savings are the result of efforts on spending cuts and tax loopholes."Last week, he had urged his counterparts from the euro area to take all necessary measures, including the creation of Euro-bonds, to avoid disintegration of the single currency "that would be an economic catastrophe, including for the United Kingdom ".

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The fire that ravaged the financial markets now threatens the supporting walls of the world economy. By removing the United States their "AAA" rating, the rating agency Standard & Poor's tipped on Friday night U.S. time, the debt crisis in a new dimension, even more dramatic. The decision comes into effect in times of extreme stress: over the last two weeks, the New York Stock Exchange fell by 10%, with nine consecutive sessions of decline that has never happened since 1929! The beginnings of the shock wave should hit Monday morning Western financial markets on Sunday were felt in the streets Middle East.In Tel Aviv – where trade has been interrupted for even one hour – the stock market dropped over 7%.

Now that the United States have been degraded, no other country rated "AAA" can consider itself completely immune to medium term. As for lower-rated countries, they risk having their refinancing terms to harden significantly. In the end, all governments will have to redouble our efforts to reduce their deficits. Even at the sacrifice for some growth in its infancy.

To mitigate the magnitude of the shock, the world leaders have stepped up telephone interviews during the weekend. No formal meeting not held, although, according to South Korean authorities, a conversation at the G20 may have taken place Sunday morning after the G7 Ministers and Sherpas were spoken in the night from Saturday .Sunday, late in the day, Paris and Berlin have issued a statement reaffirming their commitment to adopt before the end of September, the agreement of July 21 on the Rescue of Greece. The schedule should reassure markets that doubt. They also praised the efforts of Spain and especially those of Italy, two weak links in the euro area at present.

Whopping "Noting" the willingness of member states to accelerate fiscal consolidation, the European Central Bank, which held Sunday evening an emergency meeting, said in the wake, it would implement its Bond Buyback Program "actively". The ECB is indeed in the short term, the only institution capable of acting. As long as the agreement signed on July 21 has not been ratified, the European financial stability can not afford to intervene across the entire area.Hence the pivotal role of the bank in Frankfurt, which has been slow, however, to engage in battle.

"At its meeting on Thursday, the ECB disappointed by not announcing the acquisition of the Italian debt, says Laurence Boone, chief economist for Europe Bofa-Merrill Lynch. But the decision Friday by the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, to accelerate by one year the return to a balanced budget should meet Jean-Claude Trichet and facilitate the intervention of the ECB on the Italian debt. " Such a move will he work? When she flew to the rescue of Portugal, Greece and Ireland, the ECB has repurchased approximately 12% of the debt of these countries, or 74 billion euros. With Spain and Portugal, the stock of debt of 2300 billion, which means that the bank in Frankfurt will need at least 240 billion on the table if it wants to weigh.A colossal sum.

The other issue that will come back, throbbing throughout the week for growth. In turn, the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Bank of England should speak on recent developments in the economy in their countries. They should take note of the proliferation of signs of slowing down. As for the euro area, it falls within the publication period of its growth figures for the second quarter ahead disappointing. France is in sight. "Given the slowdown in household consumption growth may have been zero in the second quarter, after the sharp rise in first quarter" advance Laurence Boone. What increasing pessimism and weaken even more the euro area.

The U.S. stock markets have moved from dark red to balance on Friday afternoon. Opening on a steep downward trend after poor economic data, the indices on Wall Street have reduced their losses after the speech of Barack Obama. Around 17:15, the Dow Jones down more than 0.25% at 12,210 points and the Standard & Poor's 500 yields 0.02% to 1300 points while the Nasdaq 100 round ahead by 0.25% to 2773 points. Thursday, Wall Street recorded a fifth straight session decline.

Barack Obama spoke Friday. He urged Republicans and Democrats to find a solution to raise the debt ceiling by 2 August, when the United States would find themselves in default if no compromise was found."We are very far from reaching an agreement, there are plenty of solutions," tried to reassure the U.S. president, stating that "any solution should be supported by both parties."

A dicours has reassured the markets but in the beginning of sessions, investissuers received three cold showers on.

The bad news on the front of the U.S. economy weighed heavily on the trend of economic growth the U.S. has slowed sharply in 2011 to 1.3% annual rate in the second quarter in a first estimate published Friday by the U.S. government.This growth rate, below analysts' expectations (1.8%), is particularly low given the significant revision of the first quarter, now estimated at 0.4% against 1.9% in June

A little later, more bad news: the U.S. consumer sentiment deteriorated more than expected in July, falling to a level not seen since March 2009, weighed down by rising unemployment and stagnating purchasing power, reveal final estimates of the survey Reuters / University of Michigan reported Friday.

In addition, economic activity in the Chicago area (northern USA) decelerated in July, according to the index released Friday by the professional association ISM, which stood at 58.8 against 61.1 in June

Moody's lowers rating outlook for Spain

Adding to the nervousness of the markets in Europe, the rating agency Moody's is considering lowering the rating of Spain. On the foreign exchange market, the euro was immediately dropped below the 1.43 dollar. Around 11:00, the European currency was worth 1.4276 dollars against 1.4324 dollars on Thursday night. Oil prices also retreated in the late morning. A barrel of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery was trading at 117.10 dollars on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in London, down 26 cents from the close of Thursday.In electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange, a barrel of "light sweet crude" (WTI) for the same maturity fell by 52 cents to 96.92 dollars.

The side of values

Starbucks (-1% to 39.58 dollars) unveiled for the third quarter of its fiscal year profit up 34% to 279 million and a turnover of 2.9 billion dollars, up 12% and 8 % same-store thanks to an increase in traffic (6%) and average ticket (2%). CEO Howard Schultz commented: "We hope to achieve our EPS growth of 15% to 20% in fiscal 2012. ".

For his part, Metlife (1.48% at 40 and 40 dollars) recorded operating income of $ 16.9 billion, up 33%.Premiums and other revenues increased to 11.8 38U billion, following the acquisition of Alico, while investment income jumped 24% to $ 5.1 billion.

Chesapeake Energy (3.77% to 34.69 dollars) realized in the third quarter earnings per share of 0.76 dollars against 0.75 dollars excluding special items.

Expedia (3.48% to $ 30) recorded an adjusted earnings per share of 0.55 dollars in the second quarter against 0.44 dollar a year earlier. Revenues jumped 23% to $ 1 billion. Gross bookings increased 19% and the number of transactions increased by 15% while advertising revenues rose 27%.

McKesson (0.60% to 80.08 dollars) made from earnings per share for the first quarter of 1.27 dollar against 1.16 dollar last year and a turnover of 30 billion dollars in 9% increase.The company raised its earnings per share target to 6.09 – 6.29 dollars against a previous estimate of 5.55 – 5.75 dollars.

Motorola Mobility (-5.06% to 21.75 dollars) has issued an earnings per share for the second quarter of 0.09 dollars against a loss of 0.3 dollar per share last year. Sales rose 28% to $ 3.3 billion.

The countries of the euro tried Tuesday to better figure than the day before, when the long meeting of their finance ministers had led to no decision on the treatment of the Greek crisis. While financial markets had begun their day with a new rout, especially in Italy and Spain, three elements have helped bring a little calm.

The fall was first halted at midday by the sudden intervention of the European Central Bank, which bought the debt of Italian and Spanish markets to contain the bleeding. Bond yields eased, and banking stocks have rebounded.

Then, after the ministerial meeting, the idea of ​​a summit of heads of state of emergency in the euro area by the end of the week has been mentioned, but not confirmed at this stage .Brussels has not been known for over a year, at the height of the Greek crisis. At the time, Athens had to escape bankruptcy and avoid contagion to other peripheral countries. This time, the issue would be of a different order: stop the contagion to Italy, that is to say, in the heart of the euro area.

Aware of the seriousness and urgency of the situation, the leaders of the eurozone reiterated on Tuesday their "absolute determination to maintain financial stability in the euro area." The panic that swept requires quick and accurate response on the second bailout of Greece, originally presented to September.From Washington, Christine Lagarde, Executive Director of the IMF has also urged Europe to a "rapid implementation" of its promises in favor of Greece.

In Brussels, however, the debate on how the rescue of Athens has remained mired in quasi-theological discussions on the involvement or not of national treasures, the – voluntary or not – private creditors, and the possibility that Greece is formally in default.

The seventeen remain divided.Mezzo voce, increasing numbers of ministers want to raise what they consider to be a taboo that prevents Greece and other countries of the euro at bay to renegotiate its debt on more favorable terms, as do businesses and individuals.

Greek debt buyback

"With this ban, there could have substantial involvement of both voluntary and private sector," said a diplomat from northern Europe. Without it, the creditors can engage in the exercise may be painful but saving the spreading of the debt of Athens, or restructuring. Tuesday, the head of the ECB, Jean-Claude Trichet, however, was still open resistance to any idea of ​​failure on the part of Athens, as Greece itself."No option is not ruled out one account of what works," says the French Minister, Baroin.

The Eurogroup is exploring avenues to ease the debt burden for Greece. The EFSF, European Financial Stability Fund, may buy back part of the Greek debt (or finance the purchase by Athens) deep discount on the market since it is considered high risk. This track would be more or less to replace the Greek bonds Eurobonds under joint signature. The project has so far faced the hostility of Angela Merkel, keen not to "federalize" the budgetary transfers in the euro area. But the conflagration that threatens growth, perhaps the Chancellor to change the view again.

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